AIM: To study the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract from Dichroafebrifuga root (AEDF) for suppres-sion in the process of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in the rat liver. METHODS: The inhibitory effect ofAEDF on the alteration of inflammatory proteins was investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS: Western blot analysis showed that the level of nuclear factor (NF)-κ Bp65 was markedly up-regulatedand (I)-κ Bα was down-regulated by LPS (8 mg/kg) challenge. However, AEDF 100 mg/kg inhibited induction ofNF-κ Bp65 and degradation of I-κBα in the liver of LPS-challenged rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showedthat while the expression of the NF-κ Bp65, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) tended to increase, that of I-κ Bα was decreased in the hepatocytes of rats challenged with LPS. A slightdecline of NF-κ Bp65, TNF-α, and iNOS, but an increase of I-κ Bα were observed in the hepatocytes of the ratspretreated with AEDF. CONCLUSION: AEDF may act as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory disease through aregulation of inflammation-related proteins.