In 1996 the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first biphasic waveform for external defibrillation after the safety and efficacy of biphasic waveforms had been well-established for defibrillation with internal cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). The first approved waveform was incorporated in an automated external defibrillator (AED) marketed as the ForeRunner ((Philips Medical Systems,