MicroRNAs(miRNAs) constitute a family of small non-coding RNA molecules 22-25 nucleotides in length.miRNAs control the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting translation or by degrading target mRNA through binding to complementary sequences in the 3'-untranslated regions.Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are intimately involved in processes leading to nasopharyngeal carcinoma,such as the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 activated signal transduction pathways,gene-regulatory networks,mitosis,tumor angiogenesis,invasion and migration.Exploring the relationship between miRNAs and the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,will further the understanding of this cancer and provide new avenues for diagnosis and treatment.