The second international workshop on the Statistical Physics and Mathematics for Complex Systems (SPMCS) was held in the Center for Complexity Science at Central China Normal University in Wuhan, China, from 23–27 October 2010; the first workshop, held in 2008 in Le Mans, France, was convened by the Laboratoire de Physique Statistique et Systèmes Complex-es of ISMANS, an engineering college in France. As announced in the Aims and Scope, this conference series is intended to bring together senior and junior scientists, as well as Ph.D. students, to present the state of the art, to exchange recent results, new ideas, and different points of view on