[Objective] The degradation conditions and course of reactive brilliant red X-3B by Fenton oxidation was investigated to understand the feasibility of using Fenton oxidation for dye removal.[Method] By using Fenton oxidation,the degradation conditions of reactive brilliant red X-3B wastewater was studied in different initial concentrations,then analyzed its degradation products and process through gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS).[Result] When H2O2:Fe2+(molar ratio)=3.1,the removal rate of CODCr was the highest.With the increase of Fe2+ dosage,the wastewater became red and more deposits generated.As CODCr of wastewater was 200,400 and 800 mg/L,the dosage of H2O2 was 0.5,1.0 and 3.5 ml respectively,and the best initial pH of the wastewater was 4-5,the removal rate of CODCr reached the maximum values.In addition,Fenton reaction was very fast,that is,most degradation occurred in the first 5 min.[Conclusion] Fenton oxidation technology is practical and efficient in the degradation of dyes which are mineralized difficultly.