By taking the design of water system and water environment of ancient residences in Huizhou as the research objects and applying relevant theories,the paper has deeply discussed and analyzed components of the water environment of Huizhou ancient residences from the perspective of the design of environmental art.It considers that the water environment of Huizhou ancient villages is composed of linear factors,spot factors and surface factors,and each factor is related with each other.By combining with comparative researches on water environmental spaces in Huizhou ancient residences,it aims to explore some reference for characteristic,ecological and sustainable development of the design of modern residential water environmental space.