d-limonene prevents ultraviolet irradiation:Induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in Skh1 mouse skin

• 作者: Ahmed N Uddin Feng Wu Fredric J Burns Ivica Labuda Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong
• 来源期刊: 世界皮肤病学杂志
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: SUNBURN Ultraviolet irradiation D-LIMONENE CYCLOBUTANE pyrimidine DIMERS N-MYC downstream regulating gene 1 PROLIFERATING cell nuclear antigen
• 年，卷（期）: sjpfbxzz_2014,（3）
• 页码范围: 64-72
• 页数: 9页
• 分类号: R

摘要

AIM:To establish whether d-limonene can protect against induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs)and sunburn in ultraviolet irradiation(UVR)irradiated mouse skin.METHODS:The d-limonene was given in 4 daily oral 20μL aliquots at different concentrations as follows:100%,10%or 1%in liponate and 100%liponate as control.One day after the final d-limonene treatment,the mice were anesthetized with i.p.sodium pentobarbital and placed in boxes to allow a rectangular(2 cm×4 cm)region of dorsal skin to be irradiated with a single,ultraviolet radiation dose of 1.5 kJ/m2.Skin samples from UVR irradiated area were obtained at 5 min after UVR exposure for CPD detection,at 6 d after UVR exposure,skin samples were obtained for in situ analysis for N-myc downstream regulating gene 1(NDRG1)(a stress response gene),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)(an S-phase marker)and filaggrin(a barrier integrity gene).Based on immunohistochemistry staining,the number of CPD,NDRG1 and PCNA positive cells,as well as unstained cells was counted in 3 different individually selected areas and percentage of positive cells was established.RESULTS:CPD reduction occurred as follows:liponate only-none;1%d-limonene-54.3%reduction of CPDs;10%d-limonene-73.4%reduction of CPDs;100%d-limonene-86.1%reduction of CPDs,the latter equivalent to a UV dose of only 0.21 kJ/m2.Sunburn was also dose-dependently reduced by d-limonene.The NDRG1 protein was strongly induced by UVR(70.0%±10.4%positive cells),but 1%d-limonene reduced the response to 64.6%±9.2%,10%d-limonene reduced the response to 16.2%±3.4%and 100%d-limonene reduced the response to 6.3%±1.7%.Similarly,PCNA was 52.4%±9.9%positive in UVR exposed skin,and 1%d-limonene reduced it to 42.9%±8.1%,10%d-limonene reduced it to 36.2%±6.7%and 100%d-limonene reduce it to 13.8%±3.4%.NDRG1 and PCNA were increased by d-limonene or UVR separately,but combined they produced less than either agent separately owing to the protective effect of pre-exposure to d-limonene.CONCLUSION:Overall d-limonene acte