In recent years,water pollution has become increasingly serious in China.Meanwhile,decrease of water bodies in quality,frequent pollution incidents,safety of drinking water and water shortage have become prominent day by day.However,water pollution can not be controlled effectively.To clear underlying reasons for increasingly worsening water environment,the external effects of pollution behavior and fictitious property right of pollution control bodies were analyzed using property right theory,and then internal reasons for serious water pollution were discussed.Finally,control measures of water pollution were put forward.