Immunoglobulin Transport during Gestation in Domestic Animals and Humans—A Review

• 作者: Jéssica Borghesi Lara Carolina Mario Marcio Nogueira Rodrigues Maria Angelica Miglino Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
• 来源期刊: 动物科学期刊(英文)
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: COLOSTRUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN MAMMALIAN FETAL Membranes PLACENTA
• 年，卷（期）: 2014,（5）
• 页码范围: 323-336
• 页数: 14页
• 分类号: R73

摘要

Maternal immunity is the main early defense against infectious agents in newborns. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is indispensable for immune defense against infectious agents. IgG is transported through either the colostrum or the placenta. Immunoglobulins are antibodies, and the five different classes of these antibodies are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE. Through their biological function of binding antigens, antibodies facilitate the removal of antigens from the body. The placenta is a temporary maternal-fetal organ, whose principal function is to allow the controlled exchange of metabolites between mother and embryo/fetus during gestation. The placenta types in different species are classified by the number of membranes separating the maternal and fetal blood circulation. Humans, lagomorphs and rodents have hemochorial placentas, which require a receptor for IgG transfer. In other animals, such as horse and pig (epitheliochorial placenta), ruminants (synepitheliochorial placenta) and carnivores (endotheliochorial placenta), antibodies are transferred via the colostrum and absorbed by passive diffusion. This review covers immunoglobulin transport in several types of placentas.