Post-transcriptional gene silencing,transcriptional gene silencing and human immunodeficiency virus

• 作者: Anthony D Kelleher Catalina Méndez Chantelle L Ahlenstiel
• 来源期刊: 世界病毒学杂志
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 RNA interference Reservoirs EPIGENETICS LATENCY TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING
• 年，卷（期）: 2015,（3）
• 页码范围: 219-244
• 页数: 26页
• 分类号: R

摘要

While human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)infection is controlled through continuous,life-long use of a combination of drugs targeting different steps of the virus cycle,HIV-1 is never completely eradicated from the body.Despite decades of research there is still no effective vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection.Therefore,the possibility of an RNA interference(RNAi)-based cure has become an increasingly explored approach.Endogenous gene expression is controlled at both,transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by noncoding RNAs,which act through diverse molecular mechanisms including RNAi.RNAi has the potential to control the turning on/off of specific genes through transcriptional gene silencing(TGS),as well as finetuning their expression through post-transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS).In this review we will describe in detail the canonical RNAi pathways for PTGS and TGS,the relationship of TGS with other silencing mechanisms and will discuss a variety of approaches developed to suppress HIV-1 via manipulation of RNAi.We will briefly compare RNAi strategies against other approaches developed to target the virus,highlighting their potential to overcome the major obstacle to finding a cure,which is the specific targeting of the HIV-1 reservoir within latently infected cells.