The genomic and transcriptomic analysis has led to the identification of transcriptional networks that affect the differentiation of Th17 cells,while the protein-protein networks and the posttranslational modifications that control the development of Th17 cells have not been established yet.A recent publication by Rutz et al.in Nature describes a novel deubiquitylating enzyme DUBA as a negative regulator for IL-1 7 by regulating stability of RORγt,the master transcription factor that induces Th17 cells.