Introduction
Since the 19th century,the scope of human activity has been greatly expanded because of the introduction of the automobile.While this has resulted in high growth in the social economy,it also brought about negative effects,such as air pollution caused by increases in driving distances,the number of automobiles,traffic energy consumption,and traffic jams.In particular,as the economies of rising nations in Asia,including Korea,rapidly developed,their cities,especially capitals,began to expand quickly and face these effects.As a result,these nations are actively working on reducing the negative effects of a traffic system that depends largely upon automobiles by means such as compressing the area of and combining uses for the land to improve their cities' spatial structures.