In order to investigate the population structure of wheat powdery mildew in Henan province,thirtynine differential hosts were used to analyze the virulence of 298 wheat powdery mildew isolates collected from 10 different counties/cities of Henan during 2011-2014.The results showed that the virulence frequencies to the resistance genes Pm3a、Pm3b 、Pm3c、Pm3d、Pm3e、Pm3f 、Pm4a (Khapli/8cc)、Pm4b、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm13、Pm17、Pm19、Pm4+8 and Pm5+6 were over 90.00%,indicating that these genes have lost the resistance and cannot be separately used as resistant sources in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.The virulence frequencies to the resistance genes Pm5b、Pm16、Pm21 、Pm35、Pm2+Ta and Pm1+2+9 were lower than 15.00%,indicating that these genes have a better resistance and can still be used in the breeding for the disease resistance.Virulence isolates to genes Pm16 and Pm21 only presented in an individual area.The result will provide information of the distribution of resistance genes and cultivars,and wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.