Bacterial Meningitis of Infants and Children under Five Years Old in Brazzaville-Congo

• 作者: A. P. G. Oko A. R. Okoko E. Moyen G. Moyen J. Kambourou S. S. J. Dinga Boudjoumba
• 来源期刊: 儿科学期刊(英文)
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: BACTERIAL MENINGITIS CHILDREN Brazzaville-Congo
• 年，卷（期）: 2017,（4）
• 页码范围: 300-308
• 页数: 9页
• 分类号: R73

摘要

Objective: to determine the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of bacterial meningitis of infants and the children in Brazzaville after the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Pneumococcal vaccines. Patients and Methods: files of children aged from 1 to 59 months, hospitalized for bacterial meningitis between January, 2004 and December, 2013 in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville were reviewed. Studied variables included: age, gender, place of residence, immunization status, motive of hospitalization, laboratory analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid, and the outcome. Results: Overall 219 cases were included out of 22,148 admitted children, thus a frequency of 0.99%. Of the 219 children, 144 (65.8%) did not receive any dose of the Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine, 15 (6.8%) were incompletely vaccinated, and 60 (2.4%) were up-to-date. Concerning the Pneumococcal vaccine, 213 (97.2%) were not vaccinated, three (1.4%) were incompletely vaccinated, and the other three (1.4%) were up-to-date. Meningitis was severe in 139 cases (63.3%). The main isolated germs were: the Streptococcus pneumoniae with 46 cases (41.0%), and Haemophilus influenzae b with 16 cases (14.3%). Ninety-five children (43.4%) died in the course of the disease. The mortality rate was 7.1% before the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine, and 9.9% after its introduction, 8.5% after the introduction of the Pneumococcal vaccine. The lethality was 37% before and 45.1% after the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine and 52.8% after the introduction of the Pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusions: The high frequency and mortality rate due to meningitis necessitates the strengthening of the Expanded Program on Immunization.