A History of the Urban Underground Tunnel (4000 B.C.E. - 1900 C.E.)

• 作者: Brian Garret Kassel Robert Steven Diamond
• 来源期刊: 交通科技期刊(英文)
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Subway SUBTERRANEAN Passageway Ancient Underground MESOPOTAMIA Greece ROME Cut and Cover Cloaca Maxima Cryptoporticus CROTON Aq-ueduct Arch TUNNEL Atlantic Avenue TUNNEL LONDON Railway LONDON Tube Beach/Greathead Shield 19th Century Arched TUNNEL Calculations
• 年，卷（期）: 2018,（1）
• 页码范围: 11-43
• 页数: 33页
• 分类号: R73

摘要

Generally hidden from public view, out of our daily thoughts, and literally under our feet, are myriad urban underground tunnels that make our modern megacities possible. From their ancient beginnings in antiquity, as a means of supplying fresh water and draining waste water from cities, underground tunnels evolved into a means of providing high capacity rail mass transit in our most densely populated urban centers. This paper provides a broad overview of the evolution of urban tunnels across a 6000 year time span and includes the specific engineering formulas/computations for the earliest 19th century subways/infrastructure projects based on the Roman vaulted arch tunnel.