Ecology and evolution along environmental gradients

• 来源期刊: 动物学报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2018,（2）
• 页码范围: 193-196
• 页数: 4页
• 语种: 英文
• DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy015

摘要

Life isn't black and white.It's a million gray areas,don't you find? -Sir Ridley Scott- In natural systems,few (if any) environmental factors are truly "binary" (or black and white).This applies to both abiotic factors (e.g.,temperature regimes along gradients of altitude,latitude,or longitude),biotic factors (e.g.,gradual variation of predation risk along stream gradients),or the impacts entire sets of correlated ecological factors (i.e.,multifarious selection) impose onto organisms (e.g.,Kraft et al.2011;Brown 2014;Egea-Serrano et al.2014;Deacon et al.2018).The latter occurs when species inhabit starkly different habitat types like forest versus dune habitats (e.g.,Epipactis helleborine orchids:Jacquemyn et al.2018) or lakes versus rivers (e.g.,three-spine stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatus:Kaeuffer et al.2011).Exceptions are,of course,the rule,and some environmental factors indeed seem to follow a more clear-cut "binary" pattern.For example,salinity in certain coastal lagoons,landlocked lakes,and estuaries can range from oligo-to hypersaline,with clear differences between individual bodies of water (Laverty and Skadhauge 2015).