摘要:
目的:探讨经皮内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术中椎间孔成形的适应证.方法:选取经椎间孔入路行经皮内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术的单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中36例患者术中进行了椎间孔成形(椎间孔成形组),50例患者术中未进行椎间孔成形(椎间孔未成形组).在患者术前的CT图像上测定病变节段的椎间隙高度、椎间孔宽度、椎板角,在术前X线片上测定患者的髂嵴高度,在术前MRI上测定突出椎间盘的下移程度.结果:椎间孔成形组椎间隙高度低于椎间孔未成形组[(5.92±1.22) mm,(6.74±0.92)mm,t=-3.555,P=0.004],突出椎间盘向下重度移位者所占比例高于椎间孔未成形组(P =0.031);2组患者的椎间孔宽度、椎板角及髂嵴高度比较,组间差异均无统计学意义[(6.92±1.03)mm,(7.07±1.20) mm,t=-0.606,P=0.566;99.52°±10.62°,98.23°±8.77°,t =0.616,P=0.739;(33.38±1.06)mm,(32.69±2.24)mm,t=1.713,P =0.164]. L5S1腰椎间盘突出症患者中,椎间孔成形组的椎间隙高度、椎间孔宽度均小于椎间孔未成形组[(4.13±1.22)mm,(5.19±0.92)mm,t=-3.198,P=0.006;(5.89±1.38) mm,(7.28±1.28) mm,t=-3.387,P=0.002],髂嵴高度大于椎间孔未成形组[(35.26±3.44) mm,(32.78±2.86) mm,t=2.549,P=0.001];2组患者的椎板角、突出椎间盘下移程度比较,组间差异均无统计学意义(96.52°±8.62°,95.23°±6.77°,t=0.542,P=0.173;P=0.476).中央型腰椎间盘突出症患者中,椎间孔成形组的椎间隙高度小于椎间孔未成形组[(5.66±0.75) mm,(6.93±0.92) mm,t=-3.499,P=0.006],椎板角大于椎间孔未成形组(103.58°±5.32°,92.38°±4.37°,t=5.426,P=0.001);2组患者的椎间孔宽度、髂嵴高度、突出椎间盘下移程度比较,组间差异均无统计学意义[(5.86±1.46)mm,(7.18±1.41)mm,t=-2.152,P =0.472;(33.25±2.01)mm,(34.03±1.63) mm,t =0.289,P =0.775;P=0.455].结论:病变节段椎间隙狭窄的腰椎间盘突出症、突出物向下移位严重的腰椎间盘突出症、髂嵴较高的L5S1椎间盘突出症、病变节段椎板角较大的中央型腰椎间盘突出症,均应视为经皮内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术中椎间孔成形的适应证.