Role of advanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of malignancies of the mediastinum

• 作者: Ana María Alvarado-Benavides Antonio Alvarez-Kindelan Antonio Luna Constantine A Raptis Jordi Broncano Sanjeev Bhalla
• 来源期刊: 世界放射学杂志:英文版(电子版)
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: MEDIASTINUM Magnetic resonance Diffusion PERFUSION ^18FFluorodeoxiglucose POSITRON emission tomography/computed tomography ADVANCED imaging
• 年，卷（期）: 2019,（3）
• 页码范围: 27-45
• 页数: 19页
• 分类号: R

摘要

In the new era of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the utility of chest MRI is increasing exponentially due to several advances, including absence of ionizing radiation, excellent tissue contrast and high capability for lesion characterization and treatment monitoring. The application of several of these diagnostic weapons in a multiparametric fashion enables to better characterize thymic epithelial tumors and other mediastinal tumoral lesions, accurate assessment of the invasion of adjacent structures and detection of pathologic lymph nodes and metastasis. Also,“do not touch lesions” could be identified with the associated impact in the management of those patients. One of the hotspots of the multiparametric chest MR is its ability to detect with acuity early response to treatment in patients with mediastinal malignant neoplasms. This has been related with higher rates of overall survival and progression free survival. Therefore, in this review we will analyze the current functional imaging techniques available (^18F-Fluorodeoxiglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and MR spectroscopy) for the evaluation of mediastinal lesions, with a focus in their correct acquisition and post-processing. Also, to review the clinical applications of these techniques in the diagnostic approach of benign and malignant conditions of the mediastinum.