Modern medical research on cancer shows that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is related to tumor microenvironment. Studying the relationship between tumor microenvironment and HCC can be used as a new research direction to provide more strategies and ideas for the prevention and treatment of HCC. This article describes the characteristics of tumor microenvironment, cytokines, related signaling pathways, the occurrence and development of traditional Chinese medicine and HCC, and treatment-related knowledge.