Scientific drilling is a significant exploration tool to better understand earth's environmental and biological evolution,physical composition and structure,and natural resources and geohazards,through directly sampling on subsurface rock,fluid,living organisms and long-term monitoring of on-going deep processes.It plays a critical role in deciphering earth system dynamics and in solving socio-economic problems currently facing by humans.Scientific drilling in modern earth science originated from Project Mohole,supported by National Science Foundation,USA in 1958,which was an ambitious attempt to retrieve material from the earth's mantle by drilling a hole through the earth's crust to the Mohorovicic Discontinuity.Although failed in its intended purpose,this project started a successful and fruitful series of oceanic scientific drillings,from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP,1966-1983),to Ocean Drilling Program (ODP,1983-2003),and to the most recent Integrated Ocean Drilling Program or International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP,2003 till now) [1].