Objective:To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.Materials and methods:The isolation and purification were carried out by column chromatography on macroporous adsorbent resin,MCI gel,silica gel,and Sephadex LH-20,as well as semi-preparative RP-HPLC.The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis,as well as the ECD quantum chemical computation methods.Results:A sesquiterpenoidal glucoside(1)along with two sesquiterpenoids(2-3)were isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora,and their structures were identified as(+)-(1R,2R,4S,5S,10R)-2-α-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2-hydroxy-cadin-6,12-dien-15-oic acid(1),drim-7-en-3β,11,12-triol(2),and 3β-hydroxy-11,12-O-isopropylidenedrimene(3),respectively.Conclusion:Compound 1 was identified as a new sesquiterpenoidal glucoside.