Effect of nanoparticles on the nucleation and agglomeration rates of hydrate growth using THF-water clathrates
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摘要:
Four types of nanoparticles,amorphous carbon,iron Ⅲ oxide,SiO2,and amino-coated SiO2,were tested to determine changes in tetrahydrofuran-water (THF-water) clathrate hydrate nucleation and agglomeration.Rates were experimentally found to determine their viability for preventing natural gas hydrates from developing during offshore drilling operations.THF-water clathrates were chosen as a model to represent gas hydrate growth at atmospheric pressure.Concentrations of each nanoparticle between 0.15% and 1.0% by weight were tested as a kinetic inhibitor to hydrate formation.Tests were repeated at various temperatures below the formation temperature of 4.4 ℃ for THF-water clathrate hydrates.Measurements were made to identify how the concentration of THF affects the clathrate hydrates forming under static conditions between 20% and 30% by mole of THF.The primary tests in this study were performed using a 20:80 THF/water ratio.Temperature increases during hydrate nucleation for THF-water were measured between-5 and 3 ℃.The range of ideal nanoparticle concentrations was found to be between 0.15% and 0.45% by weight for optimal static,kinetic inhibition of hydrate nucleation.At approximately 0.3% by weight,the most significant inhibition was observed under static conditions for all four types of nanoparticles tested.We found that functionalized amino-coated SiO2 nanoparticles,across all tests,significantly increased the time required for the formation of THF-water clathrate hydrates compared to the other three non-functionalized nanoparticles.The amorphous carbon and iron Ⅲ oxide nanoparticles performed similarly across each test and were both the least effective in their inhibition of the clathrate hydrates of the four nanoparticles studied compared to a control.