Ambient vibrational energy is one kind of sources that has received growing research interests over the past two decades in energy harvesting at both small and large energy scales.With the advancement of microelectronics for sensing, computation and communication, it is possible for energy harvesting to enable self-powered wireless sensor networks, micro-electronic devices, wearable/portable electronics, Internet of Things in automotive, industrial,environmental, defense, aeronautics, civil structural, and medical applications.Besides the micro-and milli-watts energy, large-scale energy harvesting from oceans is promising to generate hundred watts or hundred thousand watts of electricity for solving the global energy crisis or powering the blue economy.The efficient design of the micro and macro energy harvesting systems require the understanding of the basic mechanics, mechatronics and electrodynamics of the scenario excitation, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and macro vibration structures.Significant progress in vibration energy harvesting related to nonlinear dynamics has been made to increase the frequency bandwidth.Addressing the concerns from theoretical to experimental studies for high efficient vibration energy harvesting remains challenging.