Relationship between the Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Area and Global Temperature by Multifractal Analysis

• 作者: Fumio Maruyama
• 来源期刊: 应用数学与应用物理(英文)
• 学科: 地球科学
• 关键词: NH Sea ICE Area Solar FLUX Global Temperature PDO WAVELET MULTIFRACTAL
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（5）
• 页码范围: 896-909
• 页数: 14页
• 分类号: P64

摘要

Changes in Arctic sea ice are an important fingerprint of natural and anthropogenic climate change. In general, fractal properties may be observed in the time series of the dynamics of complex systems. To study the relations among the Northern Hemisphere (NH) sea ice area, solar activity, global temperature, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, we investigated changes in the fractal behavior of these time series by multifractal analysis and applying the wavelet coherence. The relationship between the solar activity: solar flux, sunspot number (SSN), and ultraviolet B (UV-B), and NH sea ice area was assessed based on changes in fractality. We identified the existing relations among the NH sea ice area, global temperature, and PDO based on changes in fractality and wavelet coherence. In the 2000s when the global warming hiatus occurred, after the order formation of NH sea ice area in the early 2000s, the change in state from multifractal to monofractal of the PDO and global temperature occurred, when fluctuations became large and multifractality became strong. We identified a small change in fractality for NH sea ice area, UV-B, and global temperature and a large change in fractality for solar flux, SSN, and PDO, which had large fluctuation. Our results will contribute to further studies on climate change.