Effective (kinetic freeze-out) temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume in high energy collisions

• 作者: Fu-Hu Liu Haidar Mas'ud Alfanda Li-Li Li Muhammad Waqas
• 来源期刊: 核技术（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（11）
• 所属期刊栏目: NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
• 页码范围: 36-49
• 页数: 14页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

The transverse momentum spectra of different types of particles produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) and inelastic proton-proton (pp) collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, as well as in central and peripheral lead-lead (Pb-Pb) and pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, are analyzed by the multi-compo-nent standard (Boltzmann-Gibbs, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein) distributions. The obtained results from the standard distribution give an approximate agreement with the measured experimental data by the STAR, PHENIX, and ALICE Collaborations. The behavior of the effective (kinetic freeze-out) temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume for particles with different masses is obtained, which observes the early kinetic freeze-out of heavier particles as compared to the lighter particles. The parameters of emissions of different particles are observed to be different, which reveals a direct signature of the mass-dependent differential kinetic freeze-out. It is also observed that the peripheral nucleus-nucleus (AA) and pp collisions at the same center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair are in good agreement in terms of the extracted parameters.