Structural and functional studies revealed key mechanisms underlying elongation step of protein translation

• 作者: Hong Dai Jie Zhou Ling Zhang Yinghui Wang
• 来源期刊: 生物化学与生物物理学报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（7）
• 所属期刊栏目: Reviews
• 页码范围: 749-756
• 页数: 8页
• 语种: 英文
• DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa046

摘要

The ribosome is an ancient and universally conserved macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins in all organisms.Since the discovery of the ribosome by electron microscopy in the mid1950s,rapid progress has been made in research on it,regarding its architecture and functions.As a machine that synthesizes polypeptides,the sequential addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain occurs during a phase called the elongation cycle.This is the core step of protein translation and is highly conserved between bacteria and eukarya.The elongation cycle involves codon recognition by aminoacyl tRNAs,catalysis of peptide bond formation,and the most complex operation of translation—translocation.In this review,we discuss the fundamental results from structural and functional studies over the past decades that have led to understanding of the three key questions underlying translation.