1.Research and development(R&D)and the challenges of raw materials for medical additive manufacturing
Raw materials for medical additive manufacturing have a wide range of commonalities that are also seen in many other fields,making them an important basis in the field of three-dimensional(3D)printing.Problems and challenges related to material types,powder properties,formability,viscoelasticity,and so forth also share common features.For example,many metal materials are used in the field of aviation,while metals,polymers,and inorganic materials are used in the field of biomedicine.The most widely used materials in biomedicine are biocompatible.Various homoge-neous and non-homogeneous composites are also available for 3D printing,and impose an additional challenge in additive manufac-turing;the use of heterogeneous composites in 3D printing is particularly challenging.