Adipose tissue is a highly specialized connective tissue that typically contributes to 10%-29% of body weight in an adult [1].Fat cells, including white adipocytes responsible for lipid storage and brown and beige adipocyte responsible for thermogenesis, play important roles in systemic lipid metabolism and energy supply.Additionally, other cell types in adipose tissue, such as adiposederived stem cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells,participate in various pathways that maintain the internal physiological homeostasis [2].Based on its multiple composition and functions, adipose tissue could provide abundant resources for disease treatment by establishment of cell-based formulations.This perspective focuses on major components in adipose tissue that have therapeutic potential in several diseases, especially associated with cancer therapy and tissue engineering (Fig.1).