Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are universally mutualistic symbionts that colo-nize the fine roots of most vascular plants.However,the biogeographical patterns and driving factors of AMF diversity of plant roots in grasslands are not well investigated.In this study,we used high-throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatics to evaluate the AMF rich-ness of 333 individual plant roots in 21 natural grassland ecosystems in northern China,in-cluding the Loess Plateau(LP),the Mongolian Plateau(MP),and the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The AMF richness showed a significant parabolic trend with increasing longitude.In regional situations,the AMF richness in the grasslands of the MP(60.4±1.47)was significantly higher than those of the LP(46.4±1.43)and TP(44.3±1.64).Plant traits(including plant families,genera,and functional groups)explained the most variation in the AMF richness across China's grasslands,followed by energy and water;soil properties had the least effects.The results showed the biogeographical patterns of the AMF richness and the underlying domi-nant factors,providing synthetic data compilation and analyses in the AMF diversity in China's grasslands.