Recently, borate compounds have received much attention in the field of rare earth doped phosphors due to their excellent luminescent performance. In this work, to explore the potential in LED and FED ap-plications, the CsBaB3O6:Eu3+ phosphor was investigated in detail by using Rietveld refinement, DFT calculations, photoluminescent and cathodoluminescent spectra. As a result, CsBaB3O6 has a planar stacked three-dimensional layered structure. Under the excitation of 395 nm n-UV light and electron beam, CsBaB3O6:Eu3+ phosphor exhibits a typical red emission of Eu3+. A good thermal stability and good resistance to saturation and degradation were observed in the CsBaB3O6:Eu3+ phosphor. The related photoluminescent and cathodoluminescent mechanisms were studied. The results indicate that CsBaB3O6:Eu3+phosphor has potential in multifunctional applications.