All-optical devices without external electronic components have drawn extraordinary attentions in all-optical communica-tion.In this work,boron quantum dots(BQDs)were synthesized by a facile liquid-phase exfoliation method.The as-pre-pared BQDs showed good structural homogeneity and crystallinity,broadband optical absorption as well as excellent photothermal properties.Femtosecond-resolved transient absorption further revealed the short carrier relaxation time of BQDs.Inspired by the outstanding photothermal properties and ultrafast carrier dynamic of BQDs,we fabricated BQDs-based all-optical modulator.The phase shift with a slope efficiency of 0.032 π/mW and response time of 0.97 ms can be achieved.The modulator was used in laser resonance cavity to achieve all-optical actively Q-switched laser operation with control repetition rate.This prototypical BQDs-based all-optical modulator shows a great potential to be applied in all-optical information processing and communication.