PM2.5 characterization of primary and secondary organic aerosols in two urban-industrial areas in the East Mediterranean

• 作者: Marc Fadel Frédéric Ledoux Mariana Farhat Adib Kfoury Dominique Courcot Charbel Afif
• 来源期刊: 环境科学学报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2021,（3）
• 页码范围: 98-116
• 页数: 19页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

Primary and secondary organic aerosols in PM2.5 were investigated over a one-year cam-paign at Zouk Mikael and Fiaa,Lebanon.The n-alkanes concentrations were quite similar at both sites(26-29 ng/m3)and mainly explained by anthropogenic emissions rather than natural ones.The concentrations of total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)were nearly three times higher at Zouk Mikael(2.56 ng/m3)compared to Fiaa(0.95 ng/m3),espe-cially for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene linked to the presence of the power plant.A characteristic indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene+benzo[g,h,i]perylene)ratio in the range 0.8-1.0 was determined for heavy fuel oil combustion from the power plant.Fatty acids and hopanes were also investigated and were assigned to cooking activities and vehicular emis-sions respectively.Phthalates were identified for the first time in Lebanon with high con-centrations at Zouk and Fiaa(106.88 and 97.68 ng/m3 respectively).Moreover,the biogenic secondary aerosols revealed higher concentrations in summer.The total terpene concen-tration varied between 131 ng/m3 at Zouk Mikael in winter to 469 ng/m3 at Fiaa in sum-mer.Additionnally,the concentrations of the dicarboxylic acids especially for adipic and phthalic acids were more influenced by anthropogenic sources.The analysis of molecular markers and diagnostic ratios indicated that the sites were strongly affected by anthro-pogenic sources such as waste open burning,diesel private generators,cooking activities,road transport,power plant,and industrial emissions.Moreover,results showed different pattern during winter and summer seasons.Whereas,higher concentrations of biogenic markers were clearly encountered during the summer period.