OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of icariin for healing skull defects in rabbit models.METHODS:Thirty-six 3-month-old female New Zea-land white rabbits,weighing 1.8-2.0 kg each,were randomly divided into either the control or experi-mental group.Skull defect models were construct-ed in both groups,with the experimental group re-ceiving oral icariin afterwards.At 4,8 and 12 post-operative weeks,the rabbits were euthanized,and X-rays and samples were taken.Tissue sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin,fol-lowed by additional processing using histological and bone metrological methods for observing the rate and quality of the bone formation.RESULTS:Histologically,additional mature lamellar bone formed in the defect area in the experimental group compared with that of the control group.Bone metrological methods showed that the bone mass,trabecular bone width and number of osteo-blasts in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01).The number of osteoclasts did not significantly dif-fer between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Icariin increased the bone mass and improved the condition of the defect area in the rabbit skulls.