Nanobubbles have attracted considerable attention in various industrial applications due to their excep-tionally long lifetime and their potential as carriers at the nanoscale.The stability and physiochemical properties of nanobubbles are highly sensitive to the presence of surfactants that can lower their surface tension or improve their electrostatic stabilization.Herein,we report real-time observations of the dynamic behaviors of nanobubbles in the presence of soluble surfactants.Using liquid-phase transmis-sion electron microscopy(TEM)with multi-chamber graphene liquid cells,bulk nanobubbles and surface nanobubbles were observed in the same imaging condition.Our direct observations of nanobubbles indi-cate that stable gas transport frequently occurs without interfaces merging,while a narrow distance is maintained between the interfaces of interacting surfactant-laden nanobubbles.Our results also eluci-date that the interface curvature of nanobubbles is an important factor that determines their interfacial stability.