Soybean, oilseed rape, peanut, and so on, are importantresources of vegetable oil for human beings. Cultivation and production of these oil crops are expected to increase due to continuous population growth, which poses a chal-lenge to the genetic improvement of oil crops. With reference genomes of several oil crops sequenced and genetic trans-formation and gene editing tools readily available, the basic and applied researches of oil crops come to a functional genomic era integrating multiple approaches.