Exogenous abscisic acid coordinating leaf senescence and transport of assimilates into wheat grains under drought stress by regulating hormones homeostasis

• 作者: Yongli Luo Wenqian Li Cui Huang Junhao Yang Min Jin Jin Chen Dangwei Pang Yonglan Chang Yong LiZhenlin Wang
• 来源期刊: 作物学报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2021,（4）
• 所属期刊栏目: Research Papers
• 页码范围: 901-914
• 页数: 14页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

Drought at the grain filling stage of wheat will cause premature leaf senescence, thus leading to consid-erable loss of wheat yield. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a cultivation technology for strong drought resistance, delayed senescence, and yield improvement based on the analysis of hormones homeostasis obtained by applying chemical control substances. Experiments were conducted with two genotypes of wheat. Four water irrigation treatments were applied to impose the water deficit, including well-watered control treatment (WW), mild water deficit (MiWD), moderate water deficit (MoWD), and severe water deficit (SWD). Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) was sprayed on the plants at the anthesis stage of the wheat. As a result, exogenous ABA reduced initial senescence rate (r0), total duration of chlorophyll (Chltotal), rapid senescence phase (Chlloss), and the accumulated temperature at an inflection point (M) but improved the persistence phase (Chlper) of flag leaves under all of the four treatments. However, exoge-nous ABA produced inconsistent effects on photoassimilate relocation and grain weight under different treatments. It produced positive regulatory effects on grain weight under WW, MiWD, and MoWD treat-ments. On the one hand, spraying ABA during the persistence phase of flag leaves reduced the ratios of zeatin to gibberellin (Z/GA3), spermine to spermidine (Spm/Spd), and salicylic acid to ABA (SA/ABA), which prolonged active photosynthesis by stimulating high level of proline (Pro) and increased the activ-ities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Therefore, drought tolerance was enhanced, and more photosynthetic assim-ilates were accumulated. On the other hand, the rapid senescence phase and the transport rate of assim-ilates into grains were accelerated, resulting in higher grain weight, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE). However, under SWD treatment, exogenous ABA improved the ratio of SA/ABA, leading to low Pro content and low antioxidant enzyme activity of flag leaves in the rapid loss phase. Meanwhile, drought resistance declined and the transport duration of assimilates into grains was shortened, thus making photosynthetic assimilates redundant. Therefore, exogenous ABA can lead to the reduction in grain weight, yield, and WUE of wheat under SWD treatment.