Generation of andesite through partial melting of basaltic metasomatites in the mantle wedge:Insight from quantitative study of Andean andesites

• 作者: Long Chen Yong-Fei Zheng Zheng Xu Zi-Fu Zhao
• 来源期刊: 地学前缘（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2021,（3）
• 所属期刊栏目: Research Paper
• 页码范围: 636-668
• 页数: 33页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

Continental crust in average exhibits a similar composition in both major and trace elements to andesites along ac-tive continental margins. For this reason, andesitic magmatism above oceanic subduction zones is considered to have played a key role in the generation of continental crust along convergent plate boundaries. With respect to the origin of andesites themselves, however, there is still a hot debate on how they have acquired their geochemcial compositions. The debate is mainly centralized on the relative contributions of crustal contamination, magma dif-ferentiation and source mixing, which reaches an impasse in the past decades. The essential reason for this kind of debates is that these three mechanisms only can account for some of the geochemical observations for andesites, leading to insufficient discrimination among them. Nevertheless, the geochemical features of andesites are primar-ily controled from early to late by the composition of their source rocks in addition to partial melting and magma differentiation processes. If source mixing and partial melting processes in the early stage of andesite magmatism can account for the first-order geochemical features of andesites, there is no need to invoke the late processes of magma differentiation and crustal contamination for andesite petrogenesis. This is illustrated by quantitative for-ward modeling of the geochemical data for Quaternary andesites from the Andean arc in South America based on an integrated interpretation of these data. The modeling has run with four steps from early to late:(1) dehydra-tion of the subducting oceanic crust at forearc depths;(2) partial melting of the subducting terrigenous sediment and altered oceanic basalt at subarc depths to produce hydrous felsic melts;(3) the generation of basaltic metasomatites (e.g., Si-excess pyroxenite) in the mantle wedge through reaction of the mantle wedge peridotite with large amounts of the hydrous felsic melts;(4) the production of andesitic melts by partial melting of the ba-saltic metasomatites. The results not only testify the hypothesis that the trace element and radiogenic isotope com-positions of andesites can be directly produced by the source mixing and mantle melting but also demonstrate that partial melting of the basaltic metasomatites can reproduce the lithochemical composition of andesites. The com-positional variations of Andean andesites within a single volcanic zone and among different volcanic zones can be explained by incorporating different amounts of heterogeneous hydrous felsic melts into their mantle sources, followed by different degree of partial melting under different pressures and temperatures. Therefore, the source mixing and partial melting processes at subarc depths can account for the first-order geochemical features of An-dean andesites. In this regard, it may be not necessary for andesite petrogenesis to invoke the significant contribu-tions from the processes of magma differentiation and crustal contamination.