Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great atten-tion due to excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE),low cost and simple solution processing.The certified PCE has reached 25.5% from the initial efficiency of 3.8%,being com-parable to that of commercial crystalline silicon solar cells[1,2].The efficiency boosting is mainly ascribed to the excellent properties of halide perovskite materials,including suitable bandgaps,high absorption coefficient,long carrier diffusion length and high defect tolerance[3].Moreover,through the composition and interface engineering,the operational sta-bility of PSCs can exceed 1000 h under continuous illumina-tion[4].Therefore,PSCs show a great promise for commerciali-zation.