The influence of polystyrene particles with different nanoscale roughnesses on the morphology of polyisobutylene/poly-dimethylsiloxane blends was studied under shear flow by using confocal laser scanning microscopy.It was found that the surface roughness of particles strongly affected their diffusion and distribution behaviors,thereby determining the size and spatial arrangement of droplets in the blends.The roughness effect of particles was found to possess a strong dependence on both the blend ratio and the shear rate.The result suggested that the particle roughness can serve as a new parameter to control the structure-property correlation in particle-filled polymer blends,especially under slow flow.