Formation of lateral roots shapes the architecture of plant root systems and contributes to their fitness.In Arabidopsis,lateral roots follow a well-described sequence of events that lead to the emergence of a new root complete with its own meristem and a set of tissue and cell types very similar to the ones found in the primary root.How are the different cell types established?In a recent study,Serrano-Ron et al.(2021)used single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to profile the diversity of cell types in the forming lateral roots and revealed a hitherto unknown role for camalexins in controlling lateral root patterning.