Progress in the systematic investigation of the biota of China,par-ticularly over the past 50 years,has been most impressive.A century ago,foreign investigators were conducting most of these studies,but starting in the 1920s,the effort moved gradually to become an in-ternational one.Previously slowed by war and the'Cultural Revo-lution',activities in this field began to grow in the 1970s,and have continued to expand subsequently.The results from hundreds of in-vestigators in dozens of institutions,often with many foreign collab-orators,are shown clearly in the detailed review published here[1].These include not only inventories for China as a whole and for many of its regions,but also analyses of the evolutionary and ecological processes responsible for the existing patterns.