Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases:Knowns and unknowns

• 作者: Juliane I.Beier Gavin E.Arteel
• 来源期刊: 药学学报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2021,（12）
• 所属期刊栏目: Reviews
• 页码范围: 3768-3778
• 页数: 11页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

Liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic etiology.However,inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors,and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive response.Thus"pure"genetic and"pure"xenobiotic liver diseases are modified by each other and other factors,identified or unknown.The purpose of this review is to high-light the knowledgebase of environmental exposure as a potential risk modifying agent for the develop-ment of liver disease by other causes.This exercise is not to argue that all liver diseases have an environmental component,but to challenge the assumption that the current state of our knowledge is suf-ficient in all cases to conclusively dismiss this as a possibility.This review also discusses key new tools and approaches that will likely be critical to address this question in the future.Taken together,identi-fying the key gaps in our understanding is critical for the field to move forward,or at the very least to"know what we don't know."