The Earth surface is constantly moving and changing under the influence of internal and external dynamic geological processes and human activities.On a time scale,such changes may occur within a few seconds,such as earthquakes and landslides,or last for several years or even longer,such as fault creep and frozen soil degradation.On a spatial scale,such changes may manifest as local surface collapses or regional surface subsidence.In addition,the mechanisms may be crustal movement,Earth system interactions and human activities.Therefore,carrying out nationwide surface deformation monitoring is of great social significance for disaster mitigation at the national scale to realize sustainable development goals and of great scientific significance for understanding solid earth dynamics.