Sustainable methanol production via CO2 hydrogenation leads to increased interest in the understanding of active phase of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3(CZA)catalyst.Model catalysts of ZnO/Cu(111)with structures varied from two-dimensional planar to three-dimensional nanoparticles were prepared by atomic layer deposi-tion(ALD)method.By combing scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy(XPS)at near-ambient pressure of CO2 hydrogenation,we reveal that the submonolayer ZnO/Cu(111)transformed into Cu-Zn alloy under 10 mbar CO2/H2 at 493 K,and underwent a partial re-oxidation during evacuation.The dynamic phase transformation of ZnO/Cu(111)may partly explain the existence of differences and apparently contradictory theories to account for the origin of active phase in CZA catalysts.