This study presents a numerical method based on the surface temperature data and the ground temperature increase in Daq-ing for predicting temperature field distribution in the Binzhou Railway subgrade and analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of freeze?thaw status of railway subgrade. The calibrated numerical method is applied to simulate the temper-ature field distribution and roadbed vibrational response of the railway subgrade with a thermal insulation layer at differ-ent seasons. The results show the following:(1) The thermal insulation layer can remarkably increase the soil temperature below it and maximum frost depth in the subgrade. (2) Thermal insulation can effectively reduce the subgrade vibration and protect it from frost damage. (3) Given that the strength requirements are met, the insulation layer should be buried as shallow as possible to effectively reduce the subgrade vibration response. The research findings provide theoretical sup-port for the frost damage prevention of railway subgrades in seasonally frozen regions.