The increasing incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) driven by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern[1]. Despite World Health Organization (WHO) targets for the elimination of hepatitis as a public health problem by 2030, death attributable to viral hepatitis has continued to rise over the past decade[2], in contrast to the reduction seen in the comparable threats of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria.