1.Introduction
There is a significant gap between atmospheric space and undersea space for wireless radio transmission.The interface between air and seawater is a barrier to prevent radio wave trans-mission across the boundary.This is because seawater is an electri-cally conducting medium,and radio waves suffer significant absorptive attenuation there.As a result,there is no internet,reli-able mobile communication,high-quality video,and long-distance duplex wireless communication in the underwater world of oceans.It is pitiful since the oceans share 71%of the surface of our planet and are of great importance to our economy,ecology,and living environment.