Stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflKC (SPFH) proteins comprise a universally conserved family of membrane-associated scaf-folds that compartmentalize membranes,but the detailed molecular mechanism has remained unclear.In a recent paper published in Cell Research,Ma et al.determined the cryo-EM structure of the bacterial SPFH heterodimer HflK/C,which assembles into a giant molecular cage encasing four AAA+protease hexamers;the structural work elucidates how SPFH proteins confine their client proteins in specialized membrane microdomains.