The Nd2O3 nanoparticles which modified by AOT was prepared using micrioemulsion method in the system of water /xylene.L3 edge XAFS was used to determine the difference of the local structure arund Nd^3+ ion and the electrical structure between the nanocystalline Nd2O3 and the coarse bulk microcrystalline Nd2O3.It was found that Nd-O distance increased with the form of nanocrystallite and the intensity of absorption edge also enhanced at the same time.