The final goal of fusion energy research is to make it economically competitive and the cost of electricity (COE) as low as acceptable by the energy market. Therefore the fusion plasma has to be operating with high power density and the plasma facing components (PFC), such as first wall and divertor, have to sustain high surface heat load and bombardment with high particle flux. Such rigorous environments consequentially lead to severe damage and erosion of PFC materials. As a result, the lifetime of PFC would be shortened.